s Health Care Environment

China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien... 's Health Care Environment Free Essays on China\'s Health Care Environment China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien...

Handmaids Tale Epigraphs Essay Example

Handmaids Tale Epigraphs Essay Example Handmaids Tale Epigraphs Paper Handmaids Tale Epigraphs Paper Essay Topic: The Handmaids Tale Nature is not at fault, rules may be termed for common good but may be against nature Three epigraphs are conjoined by 3 images: Produce, Food, Eating which connect with The Handmaids Tale by Maragret Atwood Produce Genesis 30 : Jacob asks Rachel if he is accused of denying her the fruit of the womb Rachel is infertile, asks husband to consider her handmaid Bilhah Custom of which wife embraces handmaid to symbolize the baby produced is legally the wifes property The Handmaids Tale extrapolates from this point, unlikely that puritanical religious rights would adopt this type of sexual practice Atwood depicts that patriarchal traditions which depict women as means of soley reproduction is no different than modern customs of labelling women as sex objects Selective use of quote from Old Testament illustrates how dangerous it is to take single quotes from the Bible without putting them in proper context misused for purpose of pushing particulate agenda Handmaids were suppressed of civil rights and Bible is referred to in novel without proper citation Food/Eating Jonathan Swift : Children are proposed as means of consumption to elimiate poverty Unbabies sent to colonies due to undesired traits, elimiates mutation in society Cannabalistic economy provides vain, idle, visionary thoughts like life as a handmaid Eating babies is exactly opposite of beliefs in Gilead; where surrogate mothers are machines of state apparatus Humans need food to survive; Offred buys nourishing goods to live off fat of the land for healthy reproduction Proper nourishment for mothers = controlled diet; no cigarettes or alcohol Offred gets fed milk, meat, grain, chicken, strawberries and radish to improve health : Unlike morals from A Modest Proposal, there are too many offspring whereas in Gilead there is a deficient number In The Handmaids Tale, infertile women are to look for handmaids if they desire an offspring. This is where the handmaid would be owned by a couple, and sexual practices without romance would take place between the handmaid and the husband (Commander). The ceremony follows after reading the bible, which is evident in Genesis 30:1-3, where Rachel suggests to Jacob that he has sex with her handmaid for children. She is jealous of her elder sister Leah, who is fertile and bears two children. Jacob makes it clear that Rachel is withheld from fruit of the womb, where he degrades Rachel. This signifies the act of sending an unwoman to the Colonies, where she is forced to be dispatched to toxic clean-up crews if she does not produce in a given time. Eating children to reduce poverty occurs when there is an overpopulation of offspring, or that a family is in poverty. This practice is suggested by Jonathan Swift, where he supports cannibalism. This belief is the exact opposite of the rules in the Republic of Gilead, where babies were not common and infertile women had to turn to handmaids for reproduction. To have a baby meant a way out of oppression from other people and it meant to never be labelled an unwoman, therefore not being sent to the Colonies. As seen by all the commanders and hierarchies in The Handmaids Tale, the handmaids are controlled and kept from many things other than shopping for produce. They were not allowed to read or make eye contact with other males. The fact that the quote suggests that power can be secured by controlling access to scarce resources, by taking away privileges and things handmaids can connect to; they have absolute power.

Definition and Examples of Headwords in English

Definition and Examples of Headwords in English In English  grammar, a head is the key word that determines the nature of a phrase (in contrast to any modifiers or determiners). For example, in a noun phrase, the head is a noun or pronoun (a tiny sandwich). In an adjective phrase, the head is an adjective (completely inadequate). In an adverb phrase, the head is an adverb (quite clearly). A head is sometimes called a  headword, though this term shouldnt be confused with the more common use of headword to mean  a word placed at the beginning of an entry in a glossary, dictionary, or other reference work. Also Known As head word (HW), governor Examples and Observations Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.(Humphrey Bogart as Rick in Casablanca, 1942)As the leader of all illegal activities in Casablanca, I am an influential and respected man.(Sydney Greenstreet as Senor Ferrari in Casablanca, 1942)The head of the noun phrase a big man is man, and it is the singular form of this item which relates to the co-occurrence of singular verb forms, such as is, walks, etc.; the head of the verb phrase has put is put, and it is this verb which accounts for the use of object and adverbial later in the sentence (e.g. put it there). In phrases such as men and women, either item could be the head.(David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003) Testing for Heads Noun phrases must contain a head. Most frequently this will be a noun or pronoun, but occasionally it can be an adjective or determiner. The heads of noun phrases can be identified by three tests: 1. They cannot be deleted. 2. They can usually be replaced by a pronoun. 3. They can usually be made plural or singular (this may not be possible with proper names). Only test 1 holds good for all heads: the results for 2 and 3 depend on the type of head. (Jonathan Hope, Shakespeares Grammar. Bloomsbury, 2003) Determiners as Heads Determiners may be used as heads, as in the following examples: Some arrived this morning. I have never seen many. He gave us two Like third person pronouns these force us to refer back in the context to see what is being referred to. Some arrived this morning makes us ask Some what?, just as He arrived this morning makes us ask Who did? But there is a difference. He stands in place of a whole noun phrase (e.g. the minister) while some is part of a noun phrase doing duty for the whole (e.g. some applications). . . . Most determiners occurring as heads are back-referring [that is, anaphoric]. The examples given above amply illustrate this point. However, they are not all so. This is especially the case with this, that, these, and those. For instance, the sentence Have you seen these before? could be spoken while the speaker is pointing to some newly built houses. He is then not referring back to something mentioned, but referring out to something outside the text [that is, exophora]. (David J. Young, Introducing English Grammar. Taylor Francis, 2003)   Narrower and Wider Definitions There are two main definitions [of head], one narrower and due largely to Bloomfield, the other wider and now more usual, following work by R.S. Jackendoff in the 1970s. 1. In the narrower definition, a phrase p has a head h if h alone can bear any syntactic function that p can bear. E.g. very cold can be replaced by cold in any construction: very cold water or cold water, I feel very cold or I feel cold. Therefore the adjective is its head and, by that token, the whole is an adjective phrase. 2. In the wider definition, a phrase p has a head h if the presence of h determines the range of syntactic functions that p can bear. E.g. the constructions into which on the table can enter are determined by the presence of a preposition, on. Therefore the preposition is its head and, by that token, it is a prepositional phrase.

Do you agree with Eguchi That sex and death are related Essay

Do you agree with Eguchi That sex and death are related - Essay Example These young women stay asleep throughout the visit and while men can sleep next to her, they cannot sleep "with" her. The warden of the brothel warns Eguchi in the very beginning of the novel: "He was not to do anything in bad taste, the woman of the inn warned old Eguchi. He was not to put his finger in the mouth of the sleeping girl, or try anything else of the sort." (p. 13) The curiosity of the old men to see what actually happens in this house and the mystery of the sleeping girls opens many doors of discussion. It brings many questions to the mind and the reader is provoked to seek his own answers. How is sex connected with death here Why are sexually impotent men allowed in this house and why these men would want to sleep next to sleeping young girls Death is critical to the discussion because the entire novel revolves around it. The old man's age puts him closer to death, the sleeping girls resemble dead people and lack of noise and sound in the house also signifies death. I do not however agree with Eguchi that sex and death are related. There is a link between the two but that is in their sheer contrast and not any similarities. Sex is a completely opposite force. It injects life-force in people and makes them even more aware of their existence. The lack of sex in the place is thus closely connected with the onset of death. The quest begins with Eguchi's need for erotic gratification. He is sexually potent but needs to know more than having sex. He wants enlightenment and the experience forces him to confront who he really is. The youth and beauty of his companions at first excite him: "He caught his breath. She was more beautiful than he had expected. And she was young too. It was as if another heart beat its wings in old Eguchi's chest" (pp. 18-19). Eguchi feels young again and this is where we get an idea of why old men might choose to come to this place. Their main purpose was to drink from the well of youth that lies next to them. By looking at youth and its beauty, they feel a difference in themselves. However the reason Eguchi feels death is close to sex is because lack of later in this house makes old men even more aware of their old age and their death. When he looks at the girl, he wonders if she is alive because she looks dead. The silent and stagnant position of the girl forces him to think about how the girl had been turned into a living toy: " Though this girl lost in sleep had not put an end to the hours of her life, had she not lost them, had they sink into bottomless depths She was not a living doll for there could be no living doll; but so as not to shame an old man no longer a man, she had been made into a living toy. No, not a toy; for the old men she could be life itself." (p. 20) The girl represents much more to Eguchi at first. She is a symbol of life for him because of her youth and freshness. He carefully observes her body and features and realizes she was quite young: "She could be life itself." (p.20). His friend had also told him that he would "feel alive" sleeping next to such a woman. But Eguchi is still scared. There is fear in his soul as if something bad was about to happen. The fear becomes very real when near the end, the girl mysteriously dies. Eguchi informs the proprietress who gives a shocking. The whole crux of the story lies in that

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Report - Essay Example (Reed, Andy) International corporations are reported to be interested in Miami as a suitable for conventions and conferences, but there is doubt here whether they could afford the rate of four figures. Since Miami is a favorite destination, people who will come to visit the proposed resort hotel are those who do not make a big deal about money. These are the billionaires, top world leaders and politician, celebrities and honeymooners. The place could also easily attract golfers who come from the row of billionaires. These golfers form regular tournaments and stay at the most luxurious hotel in the area. They shun onlookers and would prefer privacy and luxury. Forbes has listed the world’s billionaires, who came from many parts of the world. Surprisingly, these billionaires start counting their billions at age 39. Saad Hari 39 years old, is a Lebanon national. Others are of younger generation who undoubtedly are pleasure seekers. Florida has been the favorite of celebrities today and in the past. Top stars of the 50s who were visitors of Miami were Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davies, Jr., Dean Martin and Joey Bishop. Lucille Ball and Desni Arnaz stayed at a Miami Beach Hotel for a shot of their TV series. Elvis Presley had a room in Jacksonville Hotel. Today, some of the celebrities you see walking in the beach in Miami are Lindsay Lohan, Britney Spears, Jaime Foxx, Gloria Esteffan, Ricky Martin and many more. Demand for luxury hotels in Miami are increasing as hotel occupancy in 2011 was 55.7% in February 2011 and even reached 98.97%. Rise in demand was caused by increase in consumer travels and business growth. It is predicted by the PFK Hospitality Research that there will be high levels of occupancy in Miami hotels and that the hotel sector will be performing above average. Local hotel operators have confirmed the increase of international visitors and they believe this trend will

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essay Example for Free

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essay In many countries, Teachers Days (or Teachers Day) are intended to be special days for the appreciation of teachers, and may include celebrations to honour them for their special contributions in a particular field area, or the community in general. The date on which Teachers day is celebrated varies from country to country. Teachers days are distinct from World Teachers Day which is officially celebrate* A good teacher is like a candle it consumes itself to light the way for others. Author Unknown * Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard for it is a lost tradition. -Jacques Barzun * Good teachers are costly, but bad teachers cost more. Bob Talbert * The true teacher defends his pupils against his own personal influence. He inspires self-distrust. He guides their eyes from himself to the spirit that quickens him. He will have no disciple. Amos Bronson Alcott * Teaching is leaving a vestige of one self in the development of another. And surely the student is a bank where you can deposit your most precious treasures. Eugene P. Bertin * The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur Ward * A teachers purpose is not to create students in his own image, but to develop students who can create their own image. Author Unknown * What the teacher is, is more important than what he teaches. Karl Menningervv * The dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the next plateau, sometimes poking you with a sharp stick called truth. Dan Rather * In teaching you cannot see the fruit of a days work. It is invisible and remains so, maybe for twenty years. Jacques Barzun * Teaching is the profession that teaches all the other professions. Author Unknown * The best teachers teach from the heart, not from the book. Author Unknown * A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. Henry Brooks Adams * Teachers, I believe, are the most responsible and important members of society because their professional efforts affect the fate of the earth. Helen Caldicott, author and peace activistd across the world on October 5. [1] Better than a thousand days of diligent study is one day with a great teacher. Japanese proverb * The whole art of teaching is only the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of satisfying it afterwards. Anatole France * Those who educate children well are more to be honored than parents, for these only gave life, those the art of living well. Aristotle * A gifted teacher is as rare as a gifted doctor, and makes far less money Author unknown September 5th is celebrated as Teachers’ day in India. Ex-President of India Mr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnans birth day (1888-1975) is celebrated as Teachersday. He was a philosopher and statesman. He was the main to interapret of Indias philosophical and religious traditions to west. He was vice president from 1952-1962 and president from 1962-1967. He was born in Tiruttani, then in Andhra pradesh, now in Tamil Nadu. He was the first ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1949-1952. He was very instuemental in Indian politics immediately after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964. He was in teaching before entering in to politics. That is why the Teachersday is celebrated. Best teachers are awarded on this day. On Teachers day, students across India dress up as their teachers and take lectures in classes that are assigned to the teachers they represent. Sometimes, teachers sit in their classes as students, trying to relive the time when they, themselves, were students. Also, functions are organized in schools on the special day, where students present dance performances, dramas, and various other programs to entertain their teachers. This day provides for a healthy interaction between teachers and students as well. Teachers Day is a tribute to the hard work and devotion of the teachers all year long, to educate a child. In India, teacher’s day is celebrated on 5th of September every year. Indian Teacher’s Day is dedicated to Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who was a zealous advocate of education and one of the greatest scholars and teachers of all times, apart from being the first Vice President and the second President of India. As a mark of respect to this phenomenal teacher, his birthday came to be observed as Teacher’s Day in the country. A good teacher is like a candle. it consumes itself to light the way for others. Teachers Day is a national function, celebrated only in India. It is held on September 5th of every year which is also the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, one of Our former Presidents. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an ideal teacher. It was decided to celebrate his birthday as Teachers Day to honour that noble profession. The main idea is to draw the attention of the society towards this profession. No other profession, either medical or legal, have a day meant to celebrate and honour the best among them. It is a unique honour awarded to the teaching profession in our country. On that day nearly a  hundred teachers selected from primary, upper primary and secondary schools, oriental schools and colleges are invited by the President of India and honoured by giving a certificate of recognition along with some cash prize. The award given by the President is called the National Award for Teachers, which is a great honour to the humble teachers. Selection for these awards is made on the basis of many considerations-teachers personal character and conduct, his professional competence, his sociability, the results he produced, the contribution he made to the profession as a writer, and as a researcher in education., the popularity he enjoys in public, his efforts to eradicate illiteracy, public support he got to build infrastructure for his institution etc. The part he plays in extracurricular activities is also taken into account. So it is not easy to get a national award. Only ideal and worthy teachers can get it. Besides National awards, State awards and awards by National Foundation for Teachers are also given. In some districts, district level awards are also given to encourage ideal teachers. Giving an award is a good incentive. Of late the awards given by government have become mechanical. The original idea of involving the society at large, to recognise this noble profession is missing. Many functions are being arranged by teachers to honour their fellow teachers. The parents are not showing the expected interest. It was true that a teacher enjoyed a place of honour after the mother and father and was only next to them, in our ancient society. Many changes have taken place. A teacher is no longer a selfless Guru. He is a paid employee, just like any other worker in an office or factory. With this social concept, it is difficult to expect society to honour the teachers. But even now there are teachers who are respected and loved for their selfless service, spotless character and unbiased love and affection they show to all their students. All such teachers may not get awards. The social respect they command is itself an award. As Dr. S. Radhakrishnan had himself said, teaching is its own reward. The satisfaction it gives the teacher is not comparable. A good teacher is always remembered by the student wherever he is. Every year Teachers’ Day is celebrated all over India on 5th September. It is because Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was born on this day. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan who later became a great government dignitary, was earlier an outstanding teacher. He taught in India and later in England. He was greatly loved by his pupils for his scholarship and affable manners. Teachers’ day is celebrated in our school every year. On this day, teachers are given a break for their routine job of teaching. In their place, the students of XII class dress smartly as teachers and teach the junior classes for about an hour or so. All the students take them as real teachers for that period. A day earlier, the school hall is tastefully decorated with colourful ribbons and bunting. The main function is held there. All the teachers are invited by the students through artistic invitation cards as our honored guests and the most important persons. A cultural programme especially prepared for the teachers is held. In this programme, skits, songs, dances, mimicry and parodies are presented by the students. The teachers are parodied in a light vein without giving any of them an occasion for being displeased. The student representatives in their speeches praise the teachers for the good work they do as nation-builders. We pray for their prosperity and long life. We even offer apologies for any lapses on our part. Then the teachers are presented beautiful bouquets and gifts, which usually create laughter without malice. Last of all the teachers are invited to a light refreshment programme and we get blessings from them which they give liberally in tune with their general nature of love and generosity.

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: The Little Foxes

Lillian Hellman’s The Little Foxes shows a large amount of feminism throughout the play. Lillian intertwines economical independent with feminism several times. Regina Hubbard is constantly the main character involved with the economical independence and feminism. Birdy and Alexandra Hubbard are portrayed for their ability to rise above the oppression that surrounds them during most of the play. Hellman’s portrayal of Regina shows her as the wickedest character. This serves as a foundation to the message that when women are powerless they will do anything to over come it (Friedman 81). Regina shows her true nature towards the end of the play. Regina was forced to stay with Horace after she married him because she had none of her own financial backing. Since Hellman had equated money with independence Regina has no choice but to stay with Horace until she gains her own money and in turn her independence. Her strife for independence highlights her feminist nature. She is willing to endure unhappiness for as long as it takes to be independent (Friedman 82). Regina appears cold and conniving. While her husband lays dying in the house, she tells her bothers and Leo that she can put them in jail for what they have done all while keeping it unknown that she does not really know what happened. Her calm and calculating demeanor as she negotiates shows her as a very focused per son. Even though her husband lies dying she only appears to care about her money and how she can manipulate her brothers to her advantage (Galens 166). Regina says that she marries Horace solely for his money and status. She stats that she hates him and cannot wait until he dies. This outburst that shows Regina’s true feelings allows the reader to see her as a feminist in a way. She was so determined to get what she wanted that she bounded herself in a situation that she abhors for years just for a chance to achieve her goal (Galens 156). At the end of the play Alexandra ask her mother is she afraid (225). This line parallels the one in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf. This gives the idea that Regina only terrorized others as a coping mechanism to get over her own fears. Regina’s ability to overcome her fears shows her feminist side despite the immoral methods she chose (lord 146). Regina’s daughter Alexandra has had her decisions made for her by her mother in the early parts of the play.

Open Text Essay

Connect’s main strength is its user-friendly, windows based interface, which allows user to seamlessly perform all document management activities, with only minimal training required. This simple and easy to use windows interface enviroment is fully integrating with Microsoft windows explorer, Word, Powerpoint and Outlook. Open Text has spent a lot of time and money patenting this interface as it the critical value-added selling point that differentiates Enterprise Connect from its competitors. Enterprise Connect is also integrated with Oracle, as it builds solutions on the Oracle Content Database structure. This allows for customers who already have an Oracle database, which is one of the most popular databases used in the world today, to fortify existing investment. As well Enterprise Connect is deeply integrated with SAP as Open Text has shared two-decades of partnerships can co-development with SAP, which is one of the most widely used ERP systems today. Competitive Analysis Market Leaders 1)IBM )EMC 3)Open Text Primarly Competitors: 1) IBM (Founded:1910, Size: 386,558, Location: 1 New Orchard Road Armonk, NY 10504): Strength: In 2007, IBM was the largest ECM vendor based on revenue. Their ECM solution, FileNet, is a well integrated, fully flexible ECM solution. IBM will be able to successfully sell FileNet through its extensive partner service channel and current leading positions in key vertical markets including its traditional financial services, insurance, banking and government markets. Weakness: However, IBM has two content management solutions, DB2 and FileNet and questions are beginning to arise as to whether IBM will be able to fully integrate them into a single, simply to use solution. As well, although FileNet does have strong integration, it is still not fully integrated with all of IBM’s software solutions creating havoc for current IBM customers. 2) EMC (Founded: 1979, Size: 38,600, Location: 176 South Street Hopkinton, MA 01748) Strength: EMC has been a consistent market leader in the ECM market leader. Their ECM software solution Documentum, addresses the entire content life cycle, from capture through to final archive and in this way provides strong document collaboration. Weakness: While the collaboration software solution provided by Documentum is very useful and beneficial, there are a few draw backs to using it. The main disadvantage being that Documentum’s software requires the use of a complex and complicated IT infrastructure. This requires an extensive amount of installation time and can be a major inconvenience to those business professionals who are always busy and on the go. Oracle (Founded: 1977, Size: 84,233, Location: 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065): Strength: Oracle’s ECM solution, Oracle Universal Content Management (OUCM) is a well-integrated software solution and has the strongest integration with Oracle databases than any other ECM provider. This is a major strength as Oracle is one of the most popular databases used today. OUCM will also has access to one of the most robust set of complementary technologies and resources. As well Oracle has an extensive selling channel and customer base. Weakness: Oracle has been known for only supporting its own software. There still remain questions as to the support Oracle will be able to give for other platforms outside the Oracle infrastructure.

Lifestyle Choices Essay

The article â€Å"Lifestyle Choices† is a researched article that talks about the economy and how changes affect the people within it. The Starter research article contains informative information on daily lives about health care, in today’s modern society we go through various choices in life and different walks in situations weather it financial situations, family issues or even work related problems. This article shows how to outweigh the bad to good and exercise good habits to create a better lifestyle. This research goes back and covers the last thirty years dating back when technology was the grounds of being formed. Something’s I enjoy about life is the fact that grounds for technology were being formed when I as a baby had no knowledge or use of it, such as the children(s) today. Social class determines your lifestyle form of living; it’s the group you belong to based upon your financial situations. This is one research that cannot be control or determined you can be an upper class person or a lower class person and sometime due to the luck of a draw it can flip anytime. That’s what I like about the topic â€Å"Assessing Class† because their no way unless you have no improvements to access another class. What I learned from this article is that hasn’t shy away from any topics considering our lifestyle issues and situations. It clearly states the factors of social classes a great overview of information. This article very much fits into sociology as it apart of our daily lives which includes the study of human society and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. The major findings come from the data or series of surveys that has been done over decades of study’s which mostly includes volunteers to complete most studies. Lifestyle studies can be best examined through ethnicity our race, age, and suburban areas of residency and sexual preferences. This information was supported and document by Michael Sobel (1983) which he states, acknowledges, and compares sociology to our daily lifestyle as a â€Å"Mode of living.† He also presents the concept of â€Å"stylistic unity† by which he means â€Å"the patterns of behavior which constitute that lifestyle are empirically common; i.e., similar patterns are shared by a sufficient number of others, relative to all others. This article fits well with chapter 1 (Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life) under â€Å"Marginality and Crisis. I believe it fits here because it’s bringing the recipe for looking at the world’s society from a sociological perspective. What is used to reshape the economy and separate them though classes. The difference between this article that sets it apart from non-scholarly periodicals, such as newspaper and magazine is the fact that non-scholarly periodicals are mainly used to entertain. This journal has an abstract, a descriptive summary, and properly cited. Non-Scholarly are not completely from a known source it can be made up and the timing of the report can be inaccurate at times. They serve a different audience. What I find similar of the two is they can be found in the same place or setting it is up to the reader to select the one needed as far as common within there is none they are two completely different types of sources and everything must be documented or researched differently. From the introduction, word fonts to work cited they are done accordingly to source or audience. Work Cited: Research Starters – Sociology https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rst&AN=37219700&site=ehost-live&scope=site John J Macionis, Sociology, The thirteenth Edition, The Sociological Perspective, 2010, 2008, 2007 (Pg.5-6)

Medical Law Essays

Medical Law Essays Medical Law Paper Medical Law Paper In case a woman is extremely mentally retarded, English courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations. However, the courts have balanced their stand points by recognizing the right of a woman to have a child as a basic right. In cases where the non-consensual sterilizations have assumed the role of a therapy, the courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations. Still, through caution and watchfulness the justices have prevented non-consensual sterilizations from becoming coercive and successfully limited the involuntary sterilizations. To an extent, the application of the English law has depended on the application the courts with respect to non-consensual sterilisation. The application of non-consensual sterilization is used in case of mentally handicapped females. The courts have disallowed non-consensual sterilization of a mentally handicapped female in cases where she is likely to have the legal capacity to marry (Re D [1976] 1 All ER 326). Courts have allowed non-consensual sterilizations only in those cases where it has been accepted that the female will not legally be able to enter into marriage (Jackson. J, 2006),. Similarly, in case the court can use its â€Å"parens patriae† powers and authorize the non-consensual sterilisation of a mentally handicapped young woman. This was done in L v. L’s Curator and Litem (1997 SLT 167). The extent to which the legal framework has been able to stop non-coercive sterilization depends on the decisions that have been taken by the English courts. In general there has been a number of cases in courts that have come up relating to learning disabilities where the need for non-consensual sterilisation have been debated in the court. In these cases the purpose of sterilization has been for contraception. The court has granted permission for sterilizations in some cases. (C. f. T v. T and another [1988] 1 All ER 613; In re B( A Minor)(Wardship: Sterilization) [1990] 2 AC 1 (HL)). What the court sees is the severity of the handicap and then decides. The moot point is that if there is a treatment of a mentally incapacitated woman, if the court feels that it is in the best interest of the woman to be sterilized then the courts have given their consent. Are these sterilizations coercive? This can only be ascertained by examining the assumptions made by the court regarding the interests in parenting or about the sexuality of the ‘mentally incapacitated persons’ If these assumptions are not backed by adequate evidence then we would need to re-examine the decisions of the court (Chinkin. C, 2006),. If these suppositions are backed by solid validation then we could conclude that non-consensual sterilizations were warranted and these sterilizations were not coercive. It is important the non-consensual sterilization should be coercive and strictly limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations because otherwise these will be viewed as a image of state oppression. In addition, this creates an impression that the state is somehow involved in the eugenics and the body politic exercises power over the choice of individuals (The Law Reform Commission 2005). The question that is related to non-consensual sterilizations is whether there is still any factor related to eugenics when the courts sanction non-consensual sterilizations for the mentally challenged. The very small number of instances when the court has permitted non-consensual sterilizations refutes this claim. In the UK there are a number of situations in which non-consensual sterilizations have been disallowed. For example in Re B. (a Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation) (1987), [1988] 1 A. C. 199, [1987] 2 All E. R. 206 (H. L. ) [Re B. (H. L. ) cited to A. C. ] the Lordships ruled out that social or eugenic reasons can be used for non-consensual sterilizations. However, the judges allowed wardship jurisdiction to justify non-consensual sterilizations as it involved a seventeen-year old woman who had substantial mental difficulties. In this case her overseers felt that pregnancy at this point would lead to severe difficulties and other forms of contraception were ruled out. In such extreme cases non-consensual sterilizations are allowed by the law (Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M 2003). It seems that the law has been successful in avoiding coercive sterilizations and to limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations. During judgements it has been established that non-consensual sterilizations could be lawful only if it was in the best interests of the woman to become permanently sterilized (Mason, J. K. and McCall Smith, R. A. , 1994). In case of minor women the law gives wardship jurisdiction to the court, so that it can act in the best interests of the ward [1990] 2 A. C. 1 (H. L. ) [Re F. ]. In the application of the law it has been observed that the courts have been able to limit involuntary non-consensual sterilizations and have acted as mediators between the individuals and society. There are two perspectives. From one standpoint, every individual has the right to protect his body from imposition, on the other hand pregnancy and birth can affect the body of the individual and that may be against the interests of the person or the society. Originally the laws that were framed for non-consensual sterilizations had been written for protecting the interests of the society; however, the current use of these laws has been mainly to protect the interests of the individual. In other words, the law has been successful in avoiding coercive sterilizations because the law has allowed non-consensual sterilizations mainly to ensure bodily integrity of the woman. The one area where the UK courts have given permission for non-consensual sterilizations is where the mental condition of the woman is very grave. Now if the body should not be intruded, why should the courts allow non-consensual sterilizations? The explanation is that the woman’s body need medical treatment. The sterilization is characterized as a saving the woman. The woman cannot claim protection against intrusion if the intrusion into her body has been perceived as benevolent. The principles of dignity and freedom do not provide this protection. The ailment lies in the body of the woman whose reproductive ability is not under control. Once this characterization by the law is in place, then eliminating the threat of pregnancy is a liberating and empowering. However, the law has held that parents or guardians cannot give consent to surgical procedures for contraception on a mentally retarded person. In other words the therapeutic validity of the surgery should be established in court. The general principle that has been followed in UK courts is that physical integrity has been given greater importance than ‘right to be protected against pregnancy’. This has helped avoid coercive sterilizations and limit involuntary sterilizations. What has helped the law avoid coercive sterilizations and limit involuntary sterilizations is the recognition of the fact that non-consensual sterilizations is an irreversible operation and takes away the fundamental human right of the woman to reproduce. The court should not take away this basic human right. However, the right to develop a family is dependent upon the court’s evaluation of the individual’s ability to appreciate that right. In this manner the court reserves the right to decide if the individual can comprehend the right to start a family. It is to be understood that the courts in UK have not asserted that non-consensual sterilizations are lawful. On the other hand the bodily integrity of the individual and freedom of the woman is perceived to have been enhanced by the sterilizations. The circumspection of the court prevents coercive sterilizations and limits involuntary sterilizations. The basic premises on which the English law was framed related to the belief that relating sterilizing women who were mentally disabled was advisable because they were inept at parenting and that the lives of the mentally disabled would be enhanced if they did not have parenting responsibilities. To sum, the English law has been able to avoid coercive sterilizations and strictly limit involuntary but non-coercive sterilizations. Where the woman has been found capable of marrying, the courts have not allowed non-consensual sterilizations. In addition, the courts have recognized the importance of inviolability of the woman’s body, her freedom and her right to found a family. This balanced perspective of the courts has ensured that coercive sterilizations are avoided and involuntary non-consensual sterilizations are limited to the minimum. References: Chinkin. C, (2006), Health and Human Rights, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: nuffieldtrust. org. uk/uploadedFiles/Grants/Chinkin_52-59. pdf. Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M (2003), Reproductive Health and Human Rights: Integrating Medicine, ethics, and Law, Oxford University Press. Jackson. J, (2006), Ethics in Medicine, Blackwell Publishing Mason, J. K. and McCall Smith, R. A. , (1994) Law and Medical Ethics, (4th Ed), London, Butterworths, . The Law Reform Commission (2005) Consultation Paper on Vulnerable Adults an the Law: Capacity, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: lawreform. ie/files/Consultation%20Paper%20on%20Capacity%20_final%20version_. pdf

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution resulted from two state crises which emerged during the 1750s–80s, one constitutional and one financial, with the latter providing a tipping point in 1788/89 when desperate action by government ministers backfired and unleashed a revolution against the Ancien Regime. In addition to these, there was the growth of the bourgeoisie, a social order whose new wealth, power, and opinions undermined the older feudal social system of France. The bourgeoisie were, in general, highly critical of the pre-revolutionary regime and acted to change it, although the exact role they played is still hotly debated among historians. Maupeou, the Parlements, and Constitutional Doubts From the 1750s, it became increasingly clear to many Frenchmen that the constitution of France, based on an absolutist style of monarchy, was no longer working. This was partly due to failures in government, be they the squabbling instability of the kings ministers or embarrassing defeats in wars, somewhat a result of new enlightenment thinking, which increasingly undermined despotic monarchs, and partly due to the bourgeoisie seeking a voice in the administration. The ideas of public opinion, nation, and citizen emerged and grew, along with a sense that the states authority had to be defined and legitimized in a new, broader framework which took more notice of the people instead of simply reflecting the monarchs whims. People increasingly mentioned the Estates General, a three-chambered assembly which hadnt met since the seventeenth century, as a possible solution that would allow the people- or more of them, at least- to work with the monarch. There wasnt much demand to replace the monarch, as would happen in the revolution, but a desire to bring monarch and people into a closer orbit which gave the latter more say. The idea of a government- and king- operating with a series of constitutional checks and balances had grown to be vitally important in France, and it was the existing 13 parlements which were considered- or at least considered themselves- the vital check on the king. However, in 1771, the parlement of Paris refused to cooperate with the nations Chancellor Maupeou, and he responded by exiling the parlement, remodeling the system, abolishing the connected venal offices and creating a replacement disposed towards his wishes. The provincial parlements responded angrily and met with the same fate. A country which had wanted more checks on the king suddenly found that those they had were disappearing. The political situation seemed to be going backwards. Despite a campaign designed to win over the public, Maupeou never gained national support for his changes and they were canceled three years later when the new king, Louis XVI, responded to angry complaints by reversing all the changes. Unfortunately, the damage had been done: the parlements had been clearly shown as weak and subject to the kings wishes, not the invulnerable moderating element they wished to be. But what, thinkers in France asked, would act as a check on the king? The Estates General was a favorite answer. But the Estates General hadnt met for a long time, and the details were only sketchily remembered. The Financial Crisis and the Assembly of Notables The financial crisis which left the door open for revolution began during the American War of Independence, when France spent over a billion livres, the equivalent of the states entire income for a year. Almost all the money had been obtained from loans, and the modern world has seen what overstretched loans can do to an economy. The problems were initially managed by Jacques Necker, a French Protestant banker and the only non-noble in the government. His cunning publicity and accounting- his public balance sheet, the Compte rendu au roi, made the accounts look healthy- masked the scale of the problem from the French public, but by the chancellorship of Calonne, the state was looking for new ways to tax and meet their loan payments. Calonne came up with a package of changes which, had they been accepted, would have been the most sweeping reforms in the French crowns history. They included abolishing lots of taxes and replacing them with a land tax to be paid by everyone, including th e previously exempt nobles. He wanted a show of national consensus for his reforms and, rejecting the Estates General as too unpredictable, called a hand-picked Assembly of Notables which first met at Versailles on February 22nd, 1787. Less than ten were not noble and no similar assembly had been called since 1626. It was not a legitimate check on the king but meant to be a rubber stamp. Calonne had seriously miscalculated and, far from weakly accepting the proposed changes, the 144 members of the Assembly refused to sanction them. Many were against paying new tax, many had reasons to dislike Calonne, and many genuinely believed the reason they gave for refusing: no new tax should be imposed without the king first consulting the nation and, as they were unelected, they couldnt speak for the nation. Discussions proved fruitless and, eventually, Calonne was replaced with Brienne, who tried again before dismissing the Assembly in May. Brienne then tried to pass his own version of Calonnes changes through the parlement of Paris, but they refused, again citing the Estates General as the only body which could accept new taxes. Brienne exiled them to Troyes before working on a compromise, proposing that the Estates General would meet in 1797; he even began a consultation to work out how it should be formed and run. But for all the goodwill earned, more was lost as the king and his government began forcing laws through using the arbitrary practice of lit de justice. The king is even recorded as responding to complaints by saying its legal because I wish it (Doyle, The Oxford History of the French Revolution, 2002, p. 80), further fueling worries over the constitution. The growing financial crises reached its climax in 1788 as the disrupted state machinery, caught between changes of the system, couldnt bring in the required sums, a situation exacerbated as bad weather ruined the harvest. The treasury was empty and no-one was willing to accept more loans or changes. Brienne tried to create support by bringing the date of the Estates General forward to 1789, but it didnt work and the treasury had to suspend all payments. France was bankrupt. One of Briennes last actions before resigning was persuading King Louis XVI to recall Necker, whose return was greeted with jubilation by the general public. He recalled the Paris parlement and made it clear he was just tiding the nation over until the Estates General meet. Bottom Line The short version of this story is that financial troubles caused a populace who, awakened by the Enlightenment to demand more say in government, refused to solve those financial issues until they had a say. No one realized the extent of what would happen next.

BlackBoard Online Learning Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BlackBoard Online Learning Environment - Essay Example I find flimsy the argument that we need the upgrade because "upgrades" can improve the system. If a system is already efficient and reliable, then there is no need to change the system. It is said that other universities have already implemented it making it necessary for us to follow suit. I say that this matter should not take on a fashionable nature. You don't just go on changing an online learning environment because others are doing so. I believe that we are free to decide for ourselves what course of action we should take. If, however, the administration still pushes thru with the project then they must charge it to the students at a lower price tag. I personally think that the $150 tag is way beyond what we expect of the price of an upgrade. One must remember that even upgrades for legitimately acquired software can be downloaded freely from the manufacturer's website. How come that the upgrade could cost so much Furthermore, considering the number of students availing of Blackboard, we find that the price tag is quite high leading us to speculate that it is becoming more of an income generating measure. Since I am talking about costs and the inappropriateness of the additional fee, let us discuss on the costs that the school will incur in availing of the upgrade.